The basic components of a furnace system are:
* A burner, where gas (natural or propane) or oil is delivered and burned
* An ignition source, which is typically an electronic hot surface igniter that
supersedes the old-style pilot light
* A heat exchanger, where the heat from the burning gas is transferred to
the air distribution system
* Blower motor, such as the highly efficient electronically commutated
motor (ECM)
to propel air through the ductwork
* Filtration and ductwork to circulate clean, warm air throughout the home
* A flue or vent pipe to exhaust by-products of combustion (such as water
vapor and carbon dioxide) outside. High-efficiency furnaces use special,
corrosion-resistant vent-pipe materials.
Furnace design has advanced in recent years to be far safer and more efficient than older designs. This is the result of improvements in the burner, the ignition, and the blower motor. Furnace heating efficiency is measured by an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) percentage. A higher AFUE percentage indicates a more efficient furnace.
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